Africa



Mastromauro Africa Wiki

** Essential Questions **:
 * **How can political change cause conflict**
 * ** Political change can cause conflict because people may feel as though the new policies are not as good as the old ones. They may not agree with the political changes being made. ** **When it doesn't have a positive affect on a group of people, people complain.**
 * **How does the development of nationalism impact people, nations, and empires?**
 * **Nationalism impacts people because it means people would do pretty much anything for their country. They would do pretty much anything to stand by it.** ** It can reunite people towards their heritage. **
 * **How can political relationships affect economic relationships?**
 * ** Political relationships can effect economical relationships because political changes can cause economical changes. They go together because Political disagreements lead to economic disagreements. **
 * **What characteristics and factors unite people as a nation?**
 * Characteristics that unite people are people who are friendly, forgiving, motivational, respectful and understanding. These characteristics can help form a nation of people who care for one another. Common enemies, faith in government, during catastrophes, common languages, common culture

=Notes on video:= - Europeans failed to take over Africa sooner because of all the diseases - Most fighting were done with swords, but Africa also had swords - Steamships made it possible for European people get to Africa - Guns made it easier to invade Africa - Technology is what made it possible for the Europeans to invade - Europe came to dominate Africa, mostly with wars - Africans resisted - 2/3 of British soldiers invading India were Indians under British control - Resisting for leaders meant death; most rulers still had some power and advantages -Extract value from nations - Legacy of imperialism still happens - That's why bananas are cheap

Next Video:
- European countries have been establishing colonies since the late 1800s - Europe gobbled up - Europeans had stronger economies - Slave trade had drastically reduced African population - Urged Africans to give up beliefs - Built schools in colonies - Some Africans were forced into labor - Joseph Conrad wrote a novel about the dark side of Imperialism - Liberia and Ethiopia took a resistance to colonism

[|Scramble for Africa Markup]

Analyze the following quote:
** "Like a cyclone, imperialism spins across the globe; militarism crushes peoples, and sucks the blood like a vampire." **
 * By Karl Liebknecht **


 * This quote means that imperialism happens worldwide. Militarist come in and destroy the original people who had lived there. It compares imperialism to a blood hungry vampire because once a country makes one colony they crave more. Not all countries benefit from Imperialism . Europe is sucking the life out of Africa.   **



[|Graphic Organizer; New Imperalism]



** Picture Detective **:


 * **Ask a Question**
 * What are they walking up to?
 * **What do you see:**
 * rocks with words on them
 * oppression
 * ignorance
 * vice
 * Uncle Sam
 * Muslims on one back
 * Africans on other back
 * **What is the message of the political cartoon?**
 * **The message of the political cartoon shows the struggle Europe had developing Africa compared to Palestine/Israel. It was a slow and steady hard struggle for both countries, but they are still climbing. The "white men" are carrying the other people, supporting them.**
 * [|"White Man's Burden"]**
 * [|"White Man's Burden"]**


 * 1. According to Kipling, and in your own words, what was the “White Man’s Burden”? **
 * The “White Man’s Burden” is that they always have to be the leaders. They have to stay on top of the other countries and they have a lot to keep track of. They were told it was their duty to bring the inferior Nations to civilization. **
 * 2. What reward did Kipling suggest the “White Man” gets for carrying his “burden”? **
 * From carrying this Burden the “white man” gets praise from his peers. The "White Man" should get something for all he went through to bring the Nations to civilization. **
 * 3. Who did Kipling think would read his poem? What do you think that this audience might have said in response to it? **
 * I think Kipling expected the Americans and the Filipinos to read this poem since the title referred to them. Looking to gain support from government officials who were imperialists . **
 * 4. What lines of the poem did you find the most interesting and why? **
 * I found the lines, “To serve your captives needs, To wait in Heavy harness” the most interesting. I just thought that serving the needs of those captive is kind of contradicting itself. "Half devil, half child" Dark skinned people were considered evil and half child because they couldn't care for themselves. **

[|Black Man's Burden]

====The message of the Black Man's Burden is that they are forced into being changed by the white man. They can only fight back so much with their little advances in technology. They don't have guns, they have clubs. My favorite line was, " Who fight with clubs and arrows and brook your rifle’s smoke." They are so not advanced but they still fight. The burden actually falls on the black man because their land is being invaded and destroyed. Because they are less advantaged, they are being hurt. ====

The Berlin Conference
[|Berlin Conference] ==** Describe the significance of the Berlin Conference in 5 words **: Divide Leveled out the playing field, greed, no African representation, Scramble for Africa, selfish, beneficial to Europe, no conflict, bittersweet, navigation ==

-

Document 1:
"Throughout history it has been the inaction of those who could have acted, the indifferenceof those who should have known better, the silence of the voice of justice when it matteredthat has made it possible for evil to triumph." Haille Selassie, Ethiopian emperor, 1892-1975 Questions to consider:


 * **What is the perspective of the author? What events might have caused the author to think as he does?**
 * The author is against imperialism because he feels like it is an act of evil. Events that caused people to suffer could have made it possible for leaders to gain strength and others to suffer. When people don't act when they see suffering, the world is just as much the bad guys.
 * **Why might the author be making this statement?**
 * The author is making this statement to stand up for all those who were negatively effected during imperialism. He saw more and more countries being overrun and he didn't know why people let this happen.
 * **How does the quote relate to Imperialism in Africa? Explain.**
 * This quote relates to the imperialism in Africa because while the Africans were suffering those Europeans who came into Africa were prospering. Because the people in Africa were not speaking up.

Document 2:
"On French Colonial Expansion" A Speech before the French Chamber of Deputies, March 28, 1884, by Jules Ferry (1832-1893): Ferry was twice prime minister of France, from (1880-1881, 1883-1885) Gentlemen, we must speak more loudly and more honestly! We must say openly that indeed the higher races have a right over the lower races... I repeat, that the superior race races have a right because they have a duty. They have the duty to civilize inferior races...In the history of earlier centuries these duties gentlemen have been misunderstood; and certainly when the Spanish soldiers and explorers introduced slavery into Central America, they did not fulfill their duty as men of a higher race....But inour time, I maintain that European nations acquit themselves with generosity, with grandeur, and with sincerity of this superior civilizing duty.

I say that French colonial policy, the policy of colonial expansion, the policy that has taken us under the Empire, that has led us to Tunisia, to Madagascar- I say this policy of colonial expansion was inspired by...the fact that a navy such as ours cannot do withtout safe harbors, defenses, supply centers on the high seas...Are you unaware of this? Look at the map of the world.


 * **Who is the author of this piece of evidence? What is his viewpoint?**
 * This person is pro imperialism. They believe that the higher races are benefiting the lower races by having control over them. He was the prime minister of France and thought that Europe was superior to everyone else.
 * **What justifications does he offer to support his viewpoint?**
 * He supports his theory by giving an example of in central America how they learned how to be civilized through European help. Because they are more superior than other people, they should be able to do as they please.
 * ==**Why might he be giving this speech? What is the purpose of this speech?**==
 * This speech is to protect the Europeans. Their were a lot of people who had second thoughts on if imperialism was actually helping the other races. This speech gives some examples of why it is good.
 * **What does the speech tell you about life and attitudes of that time?**
 * This speech tells the reader that the Europeans were kind of cocky. They felt like they were on top of the world and they were "nice" enough to teach lower races their ways of thinking.

Document 3:
"The Rhodes of Colossus: Striding from Cape Town to Cairo" Published in Punch, or the London Charivari, December 10, 1982.Artists: Linley Sambourne


 * ** Where and when was this political cartoon published? What impact might this have on its perspective and bias? **
 * **What meaning does the title give to the Illustration? Why might the author have chosen the words he did/ (colossus, striding, Cape Town and Cairo)**
 * ** Who is being depicted in this political cartoon? (research cartoon) What objects do you see? **
 * ** What is the artists viewpoint? What evidence from the political cartoon supports your claim? **
 * ** Who is being depicted in this political cartoon? (research cartoon) What objects do you see? **
 * ** What is the artists viewpoint? What evidence from the political cartoon supports your claim? **
 * ** What is the artists viewpoint? What evidence from the political cartoon supports your claim? **

**Document 4**:
"//**Moshweshewe: Letter ton Sir George Grey, 1858" written by Mark X of Moshweshewe, Chief of the Basutos**//.

[|Document Four Mark-Up]
 * Mark up the document attached below before you answer the questions

**Document 5**:
 * Who is the author? Why is he writing the letter? What is the purpose?
 * The letter included the names of several individuals and groups. Who are these individuals and groups? How do they impact the meaning of the letter? (you will have to research names and groups as example Boers, Harry Smith....)
 * Do you think the letter was successful in fulfilling its purpose? Why or why not? Use evidence (quotes) from the letter to support your claim.
 * Source: Ndansi Kumalo, African veteran of the Ndebele Rebellion against British advances in southern Africa, 1896.**

So we surrendered to the White people and were told to go back to our homes and live our usual lives and attend to our crops. We were treated like slaves. They came and were overbearing. We were ordered to carry their clothes and bundles. They harmed our wives and our daughters. How the rebellion started I do not know; there was no organization, it was like a fire that suddenly flames up. I had an old gun. They—the White men—fought us with big guns, machine guns, and rifles. Many of our people were killed in this fight: I saw four of my cousins shot. We made many charges but each time we were defeated.But for the White men’s machine guns, it would have been different.


 * How were the the people of southern Africa treated by the imperialists?
 * Why was the African rebellion unsuccessful?

**Document 6**:
 * Source: Mojimba, African chief, describing a battle in 1877 on the Congo River against British and African mercenaries, as told to a German Catholic missionary in 1907.**

And still those bangs went on; the long sticks spat fire, pieces of iron whistled around us,fell into the water with a hissing sound, and our brothers continued to fall. We ran into our village and they ran after us. We fled into the forest and flung ourselves on the ground. When we returned that evening our eyes beheld fearful things: our brothers, dead, bleeding, our village plundered and burned, and the river full of dead bodies.You call us wicked men, but you White men are much more wicked! You think because you have guns you can take away our land and our possessions. You have sickness in your heads, for this is not justice

**Document 7**:
 * Who is the author of this source? What does it refer to?
 * Describe the strength of the sides in this battle using evidence from the text.
 * What is the chief's opinion of the British?
 * Source: German military officer, account of the 1905 Maji Maji Rebellion in German East Africa, German military weekly newspaper, 1906**.

The chiefs spread it among their people that a spirit, living in the form of a snake, had given a magic medicine to a medicine man. The medicine guaranteed a good harvest, so that in future people would no more need to perform wage labor for foreigners in order to obtain accustomed luxuries. The medicine would also give invulnerability, acting in such a way that enemy bullets would fall from their targets like raindrops from a greased body. It would strengthen women and children for the flight customary in wartime, with the associated hardships and privations, and protect them from being seized by the victorious attackers, who were accustomed to taking women and children with them as war prizes. The medicine consisted of water, maize, and sorghum grains. The water was applied by pouring it over the head and by drinking.


 * What is the message the German military officer was trying to send about the East Africans? Give evidence from the document to support your claim
 * Why do you think the Africans made such claims?

**Document 8**:

Smithsonian Institution sponsored African expedition for Theodore Roosevelt, 1909-1910. Photo was used as an illustration in Theodore Roosevelt's book, "African Game Trails" published in 1910.

**Document 9**:
 * Describe the person and objects in this photo.
 * What is the purpose of the photograph?
 * What economic or social implications does this photo indicate about Africa in 1909?


 * What European industries benefited from African resources?
 * Which European country do you feel had the most valuable colonies? Why?
 * How could this document be used to explain the primary reason for European imperialism in Africa?

** Document 10 ** :

"Colonialism’s greatest misdeed was to have tried to strip us of our responsibility in conducting our own affairs and convince us that our civilization was nothing less than savagery, thus giving us complexes which led to our being branded as irresponsible and lacking in self-confidence. . . The colonial powers had assimilated each of their colonies into their own economy. Our continent possesses tremendous reserves of raw material and they, together with its potential sources of power, give it excellent conditions for industrialization. . ." Sekou Toure, West African nationalist, 1962


 * In 1962, what was the response of this West African nationalist to years of colonialism?